
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
EMDR, a psychotherapy treatment originally designed to alleviate distress associated with traumatic memories, is now being used with success in the treatment of PTSD, panic disorder and generalized anxiety.
During EMDR the client thinks about emotionally upsetting material in brief sequential doses while focusing on an external stimulus at the same time. Therapist-directed lateral eye movements are the most commonly used external stimulus. Hand-tapping and audio stimulation are often used as well.
EMDR helps clients access their own traumatic memory network, accelerating information processing and enabling them to create new associations between the traumatic memory and more helpful, adaptive information.
These new associations result in “complete information processing, new learning, elimination of emotional distress, and development of cognitive insights.”
EMDR uses a three pronged approach:
(1) Past events leading to dysfunction are processed and new associative links with adaptive information are created.
(2) Current circumstances that provoke distress are targeted and internal and external triggers are desensitized.
(3) Future events are imagined and envisioned as positive scenarios to assist the client in acquiring the skills needed for adaptive functioning.
Dr. Francine Shapiro, developer of EMDR, asserts that the human brain has an inherent information-handling system that processes multiple elements of every experience to an adaptive state where learning takes place. She sees memory as being stored in linked networks organized around the earliest related event and its associated affect. These memory networks contain related thoughts, images, emotions, and sensations.
Shapiro believes that unprocessed experiences become the basis of dysfunctional reactions and are the cause of many mental disorders. She proposes that EMDR successfully alleviates mental disorders by fully processing the components of distressing memories. These effects are thought to occur when the targeted memory is linked with other more adaptive information. When this happens, learning takes place, and the experience is stored with appropriate emotions able to guide the person in the future.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) contains many of the same elements found in psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, interpersonal, experiential, and body-centered therapies. “It is an information processing therapy…used to address the experiential contributors of a wide range of pathologies. It attends to the past experiences that have set the groundwork for pathology, the current situations that trigger dysfunctional emotions, beliefs and sensations, and the positive experience needed to enhance future adaptive behaviors and mental health.”
Interestingly, EMDR seems to be the most effective treatment for PTSD in returning veterans. Twelve sessions of EMDR eliminated post-traumatic stress disorder in 77% of the multiply traumatized combat veterans studied. There was 100% retention in the EMDR condition. Effects were maintained at follow-up.
This is some of the best news I’ve heard in a long time, and I hope those in need have access to this quick, effective treatment.
